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daily  Wednesday, January 27, 2010

Brain Analytics


Human BrainIBM says that the hottest growth area for the company is analytics. Putting their money where their mouth is, IBM has has invested $12 billion in analytics since 2005 and one of the major focus areas of the analytics thrust is healthcare. The strategy may not only make money for IBM but likely will also save lives. 

IBM has been collaborating with the Mayo Clinic for many years. The latest of many breakthroughs by the two is an important advance in the early detection of brain aneurysms -- a lethal condition that is not so uncommon. The technique they have devised combines the latest brain scan technology with analytics to catch a critical condition far sooner than previously possible. The joint project has examined more than 15 million images from thousands of patients.

Traditionally, a patient suspected of having a brain aneurysm due to a stroke or traumatic injury would undergo an invasive test using a catheter that injects dye into the body -- a technique which itself has non-trivial risks. The new IBM - Mayo process uses non-invasive MRI angiography to create "automatic reads" that run detection algorithms immediately following a scan.

The instant the MRI images are acquired, they are automatically routed to servers in the Mayo - IBM Medical Imaging Informatics Innovation Center where supercomputer algorithms analyze the images to locate and mark potential aneurysms so that specially trained radiologists can conduct a further and final analysis. The automated aneurysm detection can be done in three to five minutes -- a potentially life saving difference from the traditional approach. 

bullet Other patrickWeb healthcare related stories

IBM, Healthcare January 27, 2010 07:00 PM

 

daily  Wednesday, January 20, 2010

IBM Happenings: November December 2009


IBM LogoThe months of November and December were busy ones at IBM with a flurry of announcements in hardware, software, services, acquisitions, and strategic alliances. See the list of the current press releases in the extended part of this posting and an index for prior months here. As part of the major focus on a "smarter planet", IBM is heavily engaged in healthcare both as an information technology and business solutions company and also as an employer.

One project at IBM, announced in November, I found quite interesting. IBM  scientists at the company's Zurich Research Laboratory have created a one-step point-of-care-diagnostic test, based on an innovative silicon chip, that requires a very small sample of blood, is significantly faster, portable, easy to use, and can test for many diseases, including one of the world's leading causes of death, cardiovascular disease. The quick results can provide a doctor with more time that could be the difference between life and death.

IBM has a track record of improving heatlhcare over many years but with the company's leadership in nanotechnology there are even more significant breakthroughs likely. The one-step point-of-care-diagnostic test uses a silicon chip roughly 3/4 of a square inch to analyze a tiny sample -- 2% of a drop -- and determine what "genetic markers" associated with a particular disease the patient may be carrying.

The new diagnostic test that uses capillary forces to analyze tiny blood samples The capillary action of the IBM chip is similar to what happens when dipping a paper towel in a cup of water - the microstructures in the paper fiber enable the towel to absorb the water. The tiny chip contains sets of micrometer wide channels where the test sample flows through in approximately 15 seconds, several times faster then traditional tests. 

A company in Begium -- Coris BioConcept  -- believes the microfluidic chip is the next step in the evolution of point of care devices and they are collaborating closely with with the scientists at IBM Research - Zurich to take the innovation to the next level. More details about the project are here.

bullet Complete index of IBM Happenings


Healthcare, IBM January 20, 2010 05:53 PM

 

daily  Sunday, November 1, 2009

IBM Happenings: August September October 2009


IBM Logo   The months of August, September, and October were busy ones at IBM with a flurry of announcements in hardware, software, services, acquisitions, and strategic alliances. See the list of the current press releases here and an index for prior months here. In addition to the major focus on a "smarter planet", IBM is heavily engaged in healthcare both as an information technology and business solutions company but also as an employer..

In a bold move to cut healthcare costs, IBM plans to drop co-pays by employees when they visit their primary care physicians under the company's self-insured coverage. The idea is to save costs over time by encouraging people to go to primary-care doctors sooner in order to get earlier diagnoses that could save on expensive visits to specialists and emergency rooms later. The company is able to make this change because it pays for the health-care benefits, not insurance companies. With 115,000 U.S. employees, IBM spends about $1.3 billion a year on healthcare so it is highly motivated to launch new healthcare initiatives.

Approximately 50% of Americans (133 million) have some form of chronic medical condition. Most of these people are not actually disabled, but they absorb a large amount of the country's healthcare resources. The most common chronic conditions are high blood pressure, arthritis, respiratory diseases like emphysema, and high cholesterol. The projections are that the number of people with chronic conditions will continue to increase. Most of the people in this category are between the ages of 18 and 64 -- in other words they are people who are working.

By encouraging employees to consult with their primary-care physicians IBM hopes to drive down costs over time. The company does not require primary-physician referrals for employees to see specialists. The combination of these factors -- no co-pay for primary care and no approvals for specialists plus payments of up to $300 a year to employees for taking exercise classes or enrolling their children in online weight-monitoring programs to curb obesity -- makes IBM a trend setter. The benefits will surely flow to both employees and shareholders. 

Related links
bullet Other IBM Happenings for the current period
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Complete index of IBM Happenings

Healthcare, IBM November 1, 2009 05:53 PM

 

daily  Tuesday, September 1, 2009

Clever


GeocachingThe motorcycle ride to the Town of Saugerties was very nice. The four of us met downtown and went to The Dutch Ale House for lunch. Saugerties has a lot of history going back to 1677. The town is a quaint community located between the majestic Catskill Mountains and the scenic 315 mile long Hudson River. We strolled through the 19th century Village and picked off a geocache on the way down to the fully operational lighthouse. I checked the Tide Chart to make sure we could make it along the trail which is only about 4' above sea level. The first part of the multi-cache was at the lighthouse -- placed in a very clever way. The micro film canister contained a piece of paper with the latitude and longitude of the actual cache which was a quarter of a mile away. It too was cleverly placed. This cache find was #99 since we started geocaching in 2003.

Speaking of "clever", the World Community Grid just announced the completion of the first phase of the "Discovering Dengue Drugs - Together" project. It took only two years to complete because the members provided nearly 12,000 years of computer processing time to the project. Anyone can participate in the World Community Grid by installing a small piece of software similar to a screen saver. When your PC is idle the excess computing capability that it has gets pulled into a pool to help out on various projects of global importance. One of my PC's contributed a modest 94 days of processing time to the "Discovering Dengue Drugs - Together" project.

Completing this phase of the project is a significant contribution to the research of not only Dengue Fever but also Hepatitis C, West Nile, Yellow Fever and other diseases caused by the Flaviviridea family of viruses. Get the latest details about the project here and if you want to add your idle computing capacity to important projects just visit the World Community Grid.

Healthcare, Hiking, Internet Technology September 1, 2009 09:34 PM

 

daily  Monday, August 17, 2009

IBM Happenings: July 2009


IBM Logo The month of July was another busy one at IBM with a flurry of announcements in hardware, software, services, acquisitions, and strategic alliances. See the list of press releases here and an index for prior months here. In addition to the major focus on a "smarter planet", IBM is investing in society. The company's social performance is right up there with it's financial performance.

Right after the fourth of July, IBM issued its annual Corporate Responsibility Report, detailing the company's social performance results and strategies in the areas of governance, supply chain, environment, community engagements, employment policies and practices, and public policy. The 40-page report features IBM's Corporate Service Corps, a program IBM characterizes as a corporate version of the Peace Corps with the goal of developing a next generation wave of IBM leaders while at the same time addressing critical societal challenges in emerging markets. The company is integrating business and social strategies to make significant and lasting impacts in communities. For example, in the Sichuan province in China, the area stricken by a powerful earthquake last year, teams of IBMers engaged in the relief and recovery effort using their technology skills. The development of the skills also presents economic opportunities for IBM so the corporate citizenship goes hand in hand with business.

The report also outlines how IBM is minimizing its environmental impact by developing innovative technologies to conserve more energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reusing and recycling IT equipment to reduce product waste, and utilizing environmentally preferable materials in its products and processes.

The company report describes how it provides employees with skills training, health and wellness programs, and opportunities to gain global experience. IBM also supports healthcare reform and has been advocating "Patient-Centered Medical Home" (PCMH), a model based on the concept of comprehensive primary care. I am enthusiastic about this initiative because it offers the chance to replace today's poorly coordinated, acute-focused, episodic care with coordinated, proactive, preventive, acute, chronic, long-term and end-of-life care. This approach is fundamental to the transformation of the U.S. healthcare system. Many believe this can be best accomplished by strengthening primary care. The "medical home" is an enhanced primary-care model that provides comprehensive and timely care and emphasizes the central role of teamwork and engagement by those receiving care.

The full corporate responsibility report is at http://ww.ibm.com/responsibility/

bullet Other IBM Happenings for the month

Healthcare, IBM, Public Policy August 17, 2009 06:39 PM

 

daily  Saturday, June 27, 2009

Wired Disruptions


WiresI am late in sharing about various activities of the past two weeks. The activities used up the time for blogging! Exiting the train at Grand Central last Monday morning was followed by a nice walk down Madison Avenue to the magnificent Pierpont Morgan Library to attend the WIRED Business Conference: Disruptive By Design.

It was a superb day, featuring interviews and highlights from WIRED editor in chief, Chris Anderson as well as an impressive group of speakers including Jeff Bezos, Jeff Immelt, Shai Agassi, Elon Musk and Vivek Kundra, the newly named CIO of the United States. Alll of the content is available at wired.com.

The speakers were excellent with the exception of Scott Thompson, President of PayPal who was doing a non-stop pitch for how great his company is. All the other speakers shared their vision for the future of various technologies and business strategies and in particular talked about how disruption can be a problem or an opportunity depending on how you approach it. Jeff Bezos, always the consummate visionary talked about how electronic books will disrupt traditional publishing business models. When I see small children carrying 50 pounds of books in their backpack it seems so obvious that an e-book -- which weighs less than a half-pound can hold all of their textbooks -- is going to prevail. Jeff said that books have "had a nice 500 year run". Critics say that the market is limited for devices which can only do one thing, like enable you to read a book. Jeff said "what could be more important than reading". He believes a "purpose built" device serves an important and growing market. Many business leaders in Amazon's position with the Kindle would tie the content and the device in a proprietary model. Jeff says that Amazon plans for the Kindle to be the best device and their strategy is enable the device to read content of any format. In parallel the Amazon format will be made available on competitors e-books. He clearly follows a long-term strategy.

Jeff Immelt also demonstrated strategic leadership in his comments in numerous areas. He said that the Chinese have developed an MRI scanner that is a third the cost of what GE enjoys as their richest market segment today. Many companies would put their head in the ground, but GE is planning to compete directly with Chinese pricing and expand the MRI market on a global basis. I was quite impressed with the comments of Vivek Kundra. The former CTO for the city of Washington DC who is now the first US government CIO. He has a very aggressive approach to opening up government to the people. Today there are more than 20,000 government web sites and most do not make it easy to get data. Vivek is planning to make all non-secret data available to the public through data.gov, His visionary theory is that by making the data available people will find ways to build applications to explore and exploit the data. Privacy will be an issue but the upside is very large. While some people fear the government "watching us", the strategy behind data.gov will allow citizens to watch the government.

Overall, the conference was exceptionally well produced. Upon leaving at the end of the day attendees were given a nice Golla Mobile Lifestyle bag containing a couple of WIRED magazines plus a copy of Chris Anderson's new book -- Free: The Future of a Radical Price. The summer read pile growing already -- but mostly on the Kindle.

As usual, one of the best parts of the conference was seeing former colleagues from years past. It was very nice to catch up with Nicholas Negroponte and Ann Winblad and to compare notes with Jay Walker. Jeff Bezos hung around with attendees at the reception at the end of the day and answered questions from several of us. He is a brilliant businessman that makes it a habit to listen to what people (customers) have to say. I would say that is also why Amazon has a market capitalization of $36 billion.

Conferences, Gadgets, Healthcare June 27, 2009 06:37 PM

 

daily  Tuesday, June 9, 2009

IBM Happenings: May 2009


IBM LogoThe month of May was another busy one at IBM with a flurry of announcements in hardware, software, services, acquisitions, and strategic alliances. See the list here and an index for prior months here. A major focus area in addition to a "smarter planet" is an effort using IBM's World Community Grid "virtual supercomputer" -- consisting of the spare computing power of more than a million personal computers around the world -- to allow laboratory tests on drug candidates for drug-resistant influenza strains and new strains, such as H1N1.

Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch will use the World Community Grid to identify the chemical compounds most likely to stop the spread of the influenza viruses and begin testing these under laboratory conditions. The computational work adds up to thousands of years of computer time which will be compressed into just months using the vast computing grid. As many as 10% of the drug candidates identified by calculations on the grid will hopefully show antiviral activity in the laboratory and move to clinical testing.

Influenza claims the lives of hundreds of thousands of people around the world each year and the current H1N1 virus outbreak is a reminder of how quickly influenza mutates and how easily new strains of the virus emerge. Traditional methods of flu vaccine development can not keep up with the high rate at which viruses change. The World Community Grid can run virtual chemistry experiments to determine which of the millions of small molecules can attach to the influenza virus and inhibit it from spreading. There is the potential to make the world a better place because of this project.

If you want to donate unused computer time to the World Community Grid, take a look at worldcommunitygrid.org.

bullet Other IBM Happenings for the month

Healthcare, IBM June 9, 2009 06:08 PM

 

daily  Wednesday, April 15, 2009

Promised Land


Geocaching The weather for a hike in the Delaware State Forest near Promised Land, Pennsylvania was perfect -- not too hot and not too cold. Promised Land State Park is in the Pocono Plateau, 1,800 feet above sea level and is about is 3,000 acres in size, surrounded by more than 12,000 acres of state forests. The forests are mostly beech, oak, maple and hemlock trees and include two lakes and several small streams. Our trail map was eight years old but thanks to the Garmin Colorado 400t GPS and well market trails, my wife and I were able to have a successful hike of about five miles. We found Promised Land Cache II exactly as described at geocaching.com. A few pictures form the hike are here.

I am so thankful to have the new oxinium knee and that it allows for hiking after less than six months. Last summer it was hobbling around and a half-mile hike resulted in a lot of pain. It seems like everyone knows someone who has had a total knee replacement or is considering one. Much praise and credit is due to Dr. Sanjay Gupta and the teams at Danbury Hospital and Bethel Health Care Rehabilitation Center but I also believe the preparation and approach to rehabilitation make a huge difference as well. The factors that made the biggest difference for me are here.

Geocaching, Healthcare, Hiking April 15, 2009 07:39 PM

 

daily  Wednesday, December 17, 2008

Oxinium Update


Knee JointIt seems like everyone knows someone who has had a total knee replacement or is considering one. There was a lot of feedback about the Oxinium knee, so I decided to share some more about my knee replacement experience. Tuesday marked eight weeks since the surgery and I feel very fortunate that progress has exceeded my expectations. At the final physical therapy visit I had hoped to achieve a flexion of 130 degrees. The therapist bent the knee while measuring with his goniometer and the result was 131 degrees -- the therapist was thrilled and so was I. A 120 degree flexion would be adequate for most activities but I was determined to get to 130, plus one for good measure.

 

Oxinium KneeMy new knee has gone from a dream to reality. In a couple of weeks the real test will come -- getting through security at Westchester Airport on the way to Florida. No doubt that the pound or so of oxinium will set off all the bells and whistles. The "knee card" shows a very accurate picture of the prosthesis and on the back of the card are the details of who did the surgery, when, and where. I have a hunch the TSA staff will not be impressed.

 

Fly Clear CardPerhaps the Fly Clear card will help. It contains nothing about knees but it does have biometric fingerprint and iris image verification. Clear is also working with General Electric to offer shoe-scanning technology as soon as it is approved by the TSA, which will enable Clear members to leave their shoes on during security screening. Some people have security concerns about "smart" cards. By necessity we all travel with complete strangers. I don't feel a need to know about travelers life history but I think it is reasonable to know that each passenger is in fact who they say they are and that their travel history is not suspicious. Back to knees.

I feel extremely fortunate and happy that my knee replacement has gone so well and that the rehabilitation is ahead of schedule. Most knee replacements go well but it is possible to have an impact on how well. Following are the key factors from my layman point of view that I feel can make the difference.

Check mark First and foremost is to make sure you really want to have your knee replaced, your surgeon agrees, and you are prepared to make it your top priority. Some say you should be in your seventies to have it done, but the advanced materials used today can last 30-40 years. I had two surgeries on my knee (1985 and 2001) and I waited too long. If you have daily pain and can't get the level of exercise you want, I say go for it.

Check mark Clear the calendar. It really needs to be your top priority. If you are a type A and can't wait to get back to things you may end up taking shortcuts that end up preventing the fullest possible benefit to accrue. Your knee is numero uno. Medication and rehabilitation should take precedence and focus over everything.

Check mark Find a surgeon that does nothing but joint replacements. There are many surgeons who have done replacements but I would say find one who does nothing but. High volumes leads to high quality outcomes. You can go to big cities and famous places but if you have a local surgeon who does just joint replacements and who is accessible you will feel better about the process. In the end, a part of the best result is having the best attitude going into it and feeling a relationship with the surgeon becomes a part of your attitude. I feel extremely fortunate to have had Dr. Sanjay Gupta perform my replacement.

Check mark Learn everything you can about what is going to happen to you. Find out what company makes the prosthesis your surgeon will use and then visit their web site and read about what will go into your joint, how it works, what it is made of, and what procedure is used to install it. If you have the stomach, watch a video of a real operation at the National Library of Medicine. Maybe it doesn't really matter but I feel it is part of the attitude factor. The more you know the better you will feel.

Check mark Prepare for it physically. Trim a few pounds, exercise as much as possible, cease any medications you don't really need, and get your mind around what will be happening. Envision the pain and process but also envision the "desired outcome". Another part of the attitude factor.

Check mark If your insurance covers it, or maybe even if it doesn't, go to a rehabilitation center after you leave the hospital. There are mixed opinions on this. Some say going to another institution after the hospital increases your exposure and risk of infection. Some say there is nothing like home as the place to recover. I spent four nights in Danbury Hospital and then six nights at Bethel Health Care Rehabilitation Center. The center specializes in short-term "rehab". They have a continuous flow of patients. They have seen it all. Pain management is a vital part of recovery and they administer it and monitor it three shifts per day. Physical therapy is not an option -- you go to a therapist in the building twice per day, every day. It is painful but essential and the rehab center has it down to a science.

Check mark Whether you are in rehab for a week or two (two weeks is probably average), pre-enroll with a physical therapist (PT) and start the day you leave the rehab center. Three times a week is best and keep it up for six weeks. Don't cut corners.

Check mark Plan and commit to a home PT program. Ask the therapist for printouts of home exercises and do them faithfully. The investment you will have made in your knee -- in my case a lot more than my first house -- should be thought of as an investment (more accurately a joint investment with Aetna Healthcare). To get the most from your new knee it will need strong and flexible muscles surrounding it.

Check markDevelop a balanced exercise program. For me, four marathons, many thousands of miles and dozens of races were too much. No doubt that my knee needed replacement because I wore it out. More exercise is not necessarily better. Not enough is not good either. I often heard the advice to "listen to your body". I let my mind be in charge instead. Don't let it go to your head. Exercise, but think about your joints.

Related links
bullet Oxinium knee - Part 1


Healthcare December 17, 2008 09:33 PM

 

daily  Thursday, November 6, 2008

Oxinium


Knee JointLike most people, I had never heard of Oxinium. I vaguely remember the Table of Elements from high school chemistry. Near the middle of the chart is Zirconium, a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. Zirconium is a lustrous, gray-white metal that has no known biological role but due to significant advancements in technology, there is a new derivative material called Oxinium -- Oxidized Zirconium -- that is an extremely hard and highly scratch-resistant ceramic like material that has proven to be a superior metal for use in knee replacements. Not only can I spell oxinium now, I can walk on it -- literally.

Although the knee joint may look like a simple joint, it is actually the largest and one of the most complex.The knee can be thought of like the hinge on a door, except that the knee not only bends back and forth but also has a complex rotational component that occurs as we flex and extend the knee. The knee is formed by the junction of three bones: the femur (the thigh bone), the tibia (the shin bone), and the patella (the kneecap). These bones are connected to each other by strong ligaments. Because of the location of the knee and the way we use it -- or perhaps torture it -- the knee joint is also more likely to be injured than is any other joint in the body. For those who are fortunate enough to avoid a serious injury they instead will likely wear it out.The combination of wear and tear, high longevity, and a desire for extended quality of life, are resulting in rapid growth of orthopedic surgeries to replace our knees.

The procedure of knee joint replacement is called a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This surgery involves replacing your knee joint with a manmade one. In total knee replacement, each prosthesis is comprised of four parts. The tibia component has two elements and replaces the top of the shinbone (tibia). This prosthesis is made up of a metal tray attached directly to the bone and a plastic spacer that provides the load bearing surface. The femoral component then replaces the bottom of the thighbone (femur). The oxinium implant that rotates as we bend and flex our knee is said to be nearly 5,000 times more abrasion resistant than the cobalt chrome knees that had been used for many years. Projections are that the oxinium component will last 30-40 years. (Since I am 63, that should be enough!) The oxinium component on the end of the femur rests on a piece of plastic that replaces the worn cartilage -- in my case completely worn out -- that is made from Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). This special polyethylene has the highest impact strength of any thermoplastic made. The polyethylene surface is inserted onto the tibia component so that the weight is transferred metal to plastic not metal to metal. During the operation any deformities are corrected -- I had my fair share of these -- and the ligaments are balanced so that the knee is stable and has a good range of movement. The articular surface of the patella is removed and replaced by a polyethylene button cemented to the posterior surface of the patella. The new kneecap then slides smoothly on the front of the knee joint.

More than a half-million knee implant operations are carried out each year around the world, mostly for patients who are over the age of 65. The new materials, such as oxinium, are now making it possible to replace knees in people in their forties, and we will soon see millions of knees replaced per year. A British company called Smith & Nephew claims to be the leader in manufacturing of the components and the tools to install them. They are projecting revenue of nearly $4 billion for the year.

There are some pictures of what into my new joint in the photogallery. There is also a lot more to the story -- both leading up to the need for a knee replacement and the process of having it done and the rehabilitation. Stories to follow.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb healthcare-related stories


Healthcare November 6, 2008 12:08 PM

 

daily  Tuesday, April 29, 2008

Yottabytes


MRIA reader of the story about the hospital SmartCard project asked me if the card could store an MRI. The short answer is no, not today, but in the long term, yes for sure. The most important short-term role for the smartcard is authentication. The best example to explain that is Clear. The Clear smartcard contains a digital representation of each iris, all ten finger prints, and your photograph. When you present your Clear smartcard at the airport, there is no doubt that you are who you say you are. You then "fly through airport security" to your destination. Imagine the same at the hospital -- no more clipboards and filling out information they already have. It seems like a dream today but in the not too distant future we will be able to "fly" through the healthcare process, experience personalized medicine, and feel like the providers are giving us concierge treatment.

Back to the MRI question, where are the MRI's -- and CAT scans, X-Rays, and mammogram's -- stored? They used to be on film and the patient would carry them around from specialist to specialist and the hospital would keep football field size storage rooms loaded with them. Progressive hospitals today use a PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System). The performance and reliability of PACS are critical to a hospital's ability to provide patient care. The PACSs have gotten better and better but physicians are continuously raising the bar. Understandably, CIO's and CFO's are concerned about the fast growth of storage needed as the imaging technology supports higher resolutions, more images per study, and escalating federal and state government storage requirements. Physicians want online access 24x7 from the office, hospital or their home to not only the MRI you had today but the one you had a year ago and maybe ten years ago. Hospitals have tried to cope with the increased demand by offering online storage for very current images and "nearline" storage for those that have been archived. Nearline often means that the image is stored on tape and can be brought online if a special request is made. Increasingly physicians and patients do not feel there is anything "special" about it -- they expect all data to be online all the time just like Amazon. The online retailer has every order they have ever received since the company started in 1995 online and available 24x7. Easy for them some might say. An order for a book is trivial compared to a digital MRI image.

How big is a digital MRI image? A recent cervical spine MRI contained 160 images and was approximately 60 megabytes in size. About the same as 200 iPhone pictures or 20 iTunes songs. Let's suppose a community hospital has 25,000 patient visits per year and that on average a patient has two image studies performed. That would be 50,000 times 60 megabytes which equals 3 terabytes. Now let's consider what size storage is available and how much it costs.

In the mid 1970's an IBM "disk pack" for a mainframe computer had a capacity of 200 megabytes -- about three MRI's. The entire storage system could contain eight "drives" for a total of 1.6 gigabytes. It seemed like a lot at the time. The cost of the disk drive that the disk pack fit on was nearly $200,000. During the last thirty years the cost has continuously plummeted while the capacity has skyrocketed. The Apple Time Capsule has a capacity of one terabyte and costs $499. IBM has a new storage system that offers up to 1,176 terabytes in a single system. Soon we will be talking about petabytes (1,000 terabytes) and then exabytes, zettabytes, and yottabytes. When I had written a story about yottabytes back in 2005 a reader said the term should be "alottabytes". A yottabyte is 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes.

The bottom line is that there will be plenty of storage to put all our images online. The key challenge is the management of the data -- keeping it secure, backed up, resilient to disaster, and easy to access and manipulate. Many providers will decide to put all the data in the "cloud" and let someone else manage it. Amazon's Simple Storage Service (S3) is the tip of the iceberg. They charge $0.15 per gigabyte per month of storage used. IBM offers a wide range of storage services and also partners with many healthcare information technology companies.

The normal reaction would be that having all the images online is too expensive. I think many of us will instead think of it like electricity. Healthcare providers use a lot of electricity and some are beginning to cogenerate their own to save money. One thing they don't do however is consider having some of their electricity "offline" or "nearline". It is online 24x7. That is the way we will soon think of medical images.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb stories about healthcare

Healthcare, Internet Technology, Personal Computing April 29, 2008 01:18 PM

 

daily  Monday, April 28, 2008

Chocolate and Gum


ChocolateChewing gum In the story about the hospital SmartCard project, I made a reference to both Wrigley's Gum and M&M Mars candy. Little did I know that a few days later would come an announcement that Mars Inc. -- with some financial backing from billionaire Warren Buffett -- is buying The Wrigley Company, the one-hundred year-old powerhouse of chewing gum. The price tag for the acquisition is $23 billion and the merged companies will be the world's largest confectionery company.

Healthcare, e-Business April 28, 2008 02:42 PM

 

daily  Tuesday, April 22, 2008

Our Medical Records


Electronic Medical RecordsIt is 11PM. Do you know where your medical records are? Most likely they are scattered across multiple doctors' offices in manila folders. The most information about our healthcare encounters is with "payers", the insurance companies which pay for care if we are lucky enough to have the coverage. Most of their information is about medical codes and money -- not much about the actual "healthcare" that we experience. Pharmacies have tons of information on what we were prescribed but not why it was prescribed. Specialists have notes about our visits that our primary care physicians often have not seen. Meanwhile, a very large number of people -- some studies put it at 100,000 per year -- die from medical errors.

Patient safety, ballooning costs, and government budget pressures are accelerating the move toward electronic medical records. There are many variations on the theme. EMR's in the hospital, Personal Health Records on a smartcard, and Personally Controllable Medical Records on the web. EMR's are emerging from insurance companies, pharmacies, community doctors, hospitals, regional health information organizations, employers and software companies. It is not yet clear which EMR or combination will prevail. Personally, I will be glad when all my medical information is encrypted and stored on the Internet where I will know that at last it will be safe and under my control.

One thing I know for sure is that it is time to make major strides. There will be many participants in making it happen. Government and non-profit organizations such as HL7 must play a key role in establishing standards so that the various kinds of EMR's can be compatible. Most experts agree that Personal Health Records sponsored by healthcare providers have the best chance of success in the short term. Longer term "cloud-based" PHR's such as proposed by Google, Microsoft, and others have great potential but need to overcome trust and privacy concerns of consumers.

One provider pilot program that I think has potential is the "SmartCard" at Danbury Hospital in Connecticut. Five-hundred patients in the trial program can insert their smartcard in a kiosk (very similar to an ATM), confirm the identity displayed, and then receive a "ticket" -- just like at the deli -- to await being called for their test or procedure. The patients like it because they don't have to use the "clipboard" and the staff like it because they don't have to ask patients to use the clipboard. The potential goes well beyond just automating the check-in process. The smartcard can be the "carrier" for our electronic personal health record. At some point our mobile phones may take over the task but in the short to medium term the smartcard may prove to be a very effective aid to empowering consumers to manage their own our healthcare.

The potential is huge. Upon entering the office of our primary care physician the office system could recognize our smartcard and an exchange could begin which updates the hospital with the latest information on the card, updates the card with any updated test results the hospital may have, and updates the primary care physician with the latest test results plus notes from any specialist consultations. If the primary care physician "writes" a script on his or her system it could be automatically transferred to the smartcard and to the pharmacy system and when the patient gets to the pharmacy the card could be recognized and the prescription would be filled. All the information on the smartcard would be encrypted and accessible only after authentication by the smartcard holder. This could be done using a password or a biometric such as an iris scan or fingerprints. This may sound futuristic to some but similar things are already being done. Denmark began a drive toward paperless hospitals more than a decade ago and is achieving much success. Verified Identity Pass, Inc. has a vision of using smartcards to enable us to breeze through airport security lines. The Fly Clear smartcard contains digitized versions of both your iris scans and fingerprints.

There are numerous technical and financial challenges inhibiting the rollout of a smartcard system in a pervasive way. The biggest challenge is that the benefits are "shared" -- neither patient, provider, or payer can justify the cost but collectively everyone wins. It reminds me of the UPC challenge of the 1970's. In spite of large benefits from knowing what got sold and when, the grocery stores were hesitant to invest in UPC scanners because there were no products that had UPC symbols on them (the first product to have a code was a packet of Wrigley's Gum in 1974). The stores found it difficult to justify the cost even though there would be labor savings from scanning versus "ringing up". The package goods manufacturers were also skeptical, despite the benefit of knowing exactly how their products were doing at retail on a timely basis. I remember visiting the M&M Mars candy factory in Hackettstown, NJ in the early 1970's and discussing UPC scanning with the director of product packaging. She said there were not enough benefits to offset giving up the "real estate" on the candy bag to place a symbol for which there were hardly any scanners to scan them. (The first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio in June, 1974). It took strong leadership, competition among retailers, and perseverance to get us to the ubiquitous scanning which we enjoy today.

Likewise with personal healthcare records. The benefits are huge -- increased accuracy of information leading to better outcomes and reduction in duplicative procedures, and ultimately personalized healthcare. Physicians will spend less time ordering procedures and medications, liability costs should go down due to fewer errors, increased collaboration will improve caregiving, patients will be able to relocate and take their healthcare data with them, and patients will be able to take a more proactive role in their own health and selection of providers. All it takes is strong leadership, competition among healthcare providers, and perseverance. The glass is half-full, not half-empty. It is likely that in the next five years we will see more progress toward electronic medical records than we have seen in the last twenty.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb stories about healthcare

Healthcare April 22, 2008 09:22 PM

 

daily  Sunday, January 6, 2008

Innovations That Will Change Our Lives


InnovationsThe annual "IBM Next Five in Five" is a list of predicted innovations that have the potential to change the way people work, live and play over the next five years. The list is based on market and societal trends expected to transform our lives, as well as emerging technologies from IBM’s Labs around the world that could make these innovations possible. Following is a sampling of the five areas.

The press is covered with stories about all things "green". IBM believes the technology is actually going to make it easy to be green and save money in the process. A range of "smart energy" technologies will enable us to manage our personal "carbon footprint". As data begins to run through our home electrical system, appliances, air conditioners, lights, and computers, we will become connected to a "smart" electrical grid, making it possible to turn our appliances on and off using a web browser from a PC or cell phone. In addition to alerting you about leaving appliances on when they could be off, we will be able to establish rules to be followed to automatically conserve energy. Reports will show us electrical usage just like we track our cell phone minutes. Intelligent energy grids will also enable utilities to provide you with the option to use only green energy sources such as solar and wind.

The way we drive will be changing dramatically. In the next five years, IBM says our cars will connected to the roads we drive on and thereby we will be safer and remain out of traffic jams. The technology will keep traffic flowing smoothly, cut pollution, curb accidents, and make it easier and less stressful for us to get where we are going. Intelligent traffic systems will make real-time adjustments to traffic lights and divert traffic to alternate routes while our cars will communicate with each other and with sensors along the road -- allowing them to behave as if they have 'reflexes' so they can take preventive actions under dangerous conditions. When traffic is jammed up alternative routes will be activated.

Since we are what we eat, we should know what we eat. With foods being sourced across international borders, the need to know exactly what we eat has never been more important. According to IBM, in the next five years, new advancements in software and wireless radio sensor technologies will enable us to know the exact source and make-up of the food we buy -- the climate and soil the food was grown in, the pesticides and pollution it was exposed to, the energy consumed to create the product, and the temperature and air quality of the shipping containers it traveled in on the way to our dinner table.

In the next five years, IBM says our cell phones will become our wallets, ticket brokers, concierge, bank, shopping buddy, and tour guide. New technology will allow us to snap a picture of someone wearing an outfit we want and will automatically search the web to find the designer and the nearest shop that has the outfit in stock. We will then see what that outfit would look like on our personal avatar – a 3-D representation of our self on our phone, and ask our friends to check it out online and give their opinion. When we turn on our phone in a city we are visiting, it will automatically provide us with local entertainment options, activities, and dining options that match our preferences -- and then make reservations and purchase tickets for us.

Perhaps the most important area where IBM sees major advances is healthcare. Doctors will get enhanced “super-senses” to better diagnose and treat us. In the next five years, our doctor will be able to see, hear and understand our medical records in entirely new ways. In effect, doctor’s will gain superpowers – technologies will allow them to gain x-ray like vision to view medical images and super sensitive hearing to find the tiniest audio clue in our heart beat. Our avatar will allow doctors to click on a part of our body and then visualize the relevant information for that part of us. The hospital system will then be able to compare those visual and audio clues to thousands of other anonymous patient records and be able to be much more precise in diagnosing us and providing us with a personalized treatment plan.

Some of the innovations IBM is predicting may seem like a stretch but the basics of all of them are already in place. If we were to step back five years it is likely most of us would not have foreseen how we would be doing on the Internet today.

Related links
bullet Other IBM annoncements made in December

Gadgets, Healthcare, Home Automation, IBM, Internet Technology, Mobile January 6, 2008 12:04 PM

 

daily  Sunday, November 11, 2007

BioEverything


BiologyIn 1963 there were two tracks that an electrical engineering student at Lehigh University could choose from -- electronics or power. Electronics was about solid state devices such as transistors. (The Intel 4-bit 4004, was not to come until 1971). The "power" track was mostly about electric motors and power generation. There was no computer science program, but the university had recently acquired a GE 225 which occupied a good part of the basement floor of Packard Laboratory. Nearly every department at Lehigh began to include computer programming as part of their curricula. Some departments evolved toward strong computer orientation more rapidly than others but eventually computer science and computer engineering became formal programs of their own.

Fast forward forty years and you can see a very similar evolution occurring with regard to bioengineering. Initially "bio" was a special interest area that spread roots from the biology department into various engineering disciplines. Bioengineering has already become a structured curriculum for students interested in the intersection between engineering and biological sciences. The bioengineering faculty is drawn from several departments in the college of engineering and applied science and the college of arts and sciences. Bioengineering combines engineering principles with the life sciences. There are three tracks available to students. Biopharmaceutical engineering encompasses biochemistry and chemical engineering. Bioelectronics/biophotonics focuses on applications of electrical engineering and physics in bioengineering such as signal processing, biosensors, and biochips. Cell and tissue engineering straddles the fields of molecular and cell biology, materials science, mechanical and electrical engineering and encompasses biomaterials and biomechanics. Studies range from cells and tissue to organs and systems. Sound a bit different than transistors and electric motors?

The exciting part of all this is that engineering students with "bio" in their pedigree have much broader career potential including healthcare, biomedical, pharmaceutical, biomaterials, and medicine. Even more exciting is the possibility for those of us who started out back in the days of the transistors and motors and have aging bodies that some day will benefit from bioengineered "components". The implantable pacemaker was just the beginning. Bioengineering graduates will be developing pacemakers for the brain, cochlear implants for hearing deficiencies, artificial cartilage for our knees, devices to enable the blind to see, and cures for today's incurable diseases. At some point a nanotechnology "cocktail" will bring nanobots to our internal systems to replace faulty cells with newly engineered ones. Just like computers have become ubiquitous, it is clear that bioeverything is on the horizon. Bioethics will become a larger concern but it is clear that the trend toward The Singularity is underway.

Healthcare November 11, 2007 05:09 PM

 

daily  Friday, November 2, 2007

IBM Happenings: October 2007


IBM LogoThe month of October set a face pace for the last third of the year. The month was filled with a slew of announcements in hardware, software, services, acquisitions, and strategic alliances. One of the most interesting announcements to me was that IBM announced new software and services to help ensure clients' success in creating a healthy IT environment based on a service oriented architecture. This comes on the heels of an announcement last month where the company unveiled innovations for healthcare that will have a dramatic impact on patients, hospitals and the general public. The key trends IBM pointed out were in secure sharing of patient data, fully-informed diagnosis from doctors, healthcare providers and hospitals, speeding drugs to market, and stemming the spread of pandemics.

Here are all the other announcements made by IBM during the month. The complete index of prior IBM Happenings is here.

Healthcare, IBM November 2, 2007 05:11 PM

 

daily  Friday, October 26, 2007

Governance


Doctor and PatientIt was an educational week at the Leadership Conference for Trustees, Physicians, Executives, & Nurse Executives at The Greenbrier in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. The conference, which focused on the subject of governance, was organized by The Governance Institute. Although not a new term, governance has taken a much higher profile in both for profit and not for profit organizations. At a very high level governance aims to assure that an organization produces a pattern of good results while avoiding an undesirable pattern of bad circumstances. The Governance Institute focuses on helping hospitals achieve best practices among the leading healthcare boards across the country.

The conference included three days of speeches, Q&A, and breakout sessions that covered many topics including clarification of a hospital board's basic fiduciary duties and core responsibilities, exploration of "best practices" of high-performing boards, understanding of various hospital-physican relationships and complexities of physician credentialing and privileging, approaches to hospital financial planning and capital allocation, and an analysis of the healthcare reform (and cost) being advocated by the various political candidates.

Governance can be a complex topic but at a high level it is mostly common sense. The way I think about it, good governance means being financially efficient but not pushing so hard on the numbers as to cause people to do unnatural things in order to "make" the numbers, focusing on how the leadership of the organization is selected and how they are paid, being transparent with the various stakeholders so they understand the decisions that are made and the rationale behind them, and insuring personal accountability is in place at all levels.

Although governance was the main focus of the conference, all of the speakers had some predictions about where things are headed with American healthcare. It was not a pretty picture. Costs are going to cointinue to escalate to the point where they are a huge part of the economy and exceed the cost of primary and secondary education at the state level. As costs rise they will be pushed toward hospitals and pressures will continue between payers (insurers) and providers. Primary care physicians, already in short supply in many areas, will be in even shorter supply as new graduates seek out speciality areas with more economic potential. As the cost of running a medical practice continues to increase many doctors will choose to become employees of hospitals. Hospitals will consolidate and as they gain economy of scale they will implement electronic medical records and become highly efficient providers of high quality care. Although America does not today offer the highest quality health care in the world, there is significant progress being made toward curing cancer and heart disease. The glass is half full, not half empty.

There was not a lot of spare time but enough to get in a look around the Greenbrier's spectacular 3,500+ acres, have a good hike up Kates Mountain Road, and also locate a benchmark near the old White Sulphur Springs train station (a few pictures in the photo gallery). That brings cumulative benchmarks found to eighty-eight. Some of my colleagues took a tour of the Bunker but we had been there before.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb stories about healthcare

bullet Pictures from 2002 trip to the Bunker

Conferences, Healthcare, Hiking, Travels October 26, 2007 04:19 PM

 

daily  Monday, July 30, 2007

Authentication Redux


Vascular map of handThe trip to New York for a board meeting last week went smoothly. Traffic was light -- even within the city -- and I got to the hotel lobby in much better than normal time. The one thing that went less well than it could have the check in process at the Radisson Martinique on Broadway. After a long wait line I was greeted by a person at the desk. Hoteliers actually think that guests want to be greeted by an employee and have them ask how you are today. One would think that they would realize is that the most important thing a guest wants to get to their room. I had a reservation. All the information about me is already in the reservation record and the frequent stayer record. In spite of this the hotel agent had to enter a lot of keystrokes for some reason. The only thing they did not have was authentication. They wanted to make sure I was the person I said I was. I showed them my driver's license in the flip-up plastic window of my wallet but that was not good enough. The agent had to go to the back office and make a photocopy. No wonder the waiting line is so long.

The solution to speeding up and improving the accuracy of the authentication process is the use of biometrics. The technology has been around for decades. Pick your favorite -- hand geometry, fingerprint, iris scan, face scan, or voice print. There are many working solutions available today from many vendors. None are perfect and that is why we don't see more implementations. Rather than take a leadership approach, many institutions in effect say, "we can't do *anything* until it is perfect. Some lawyers say that if it hasn't been to the Supreme Court then don't use it. The result is that we stand in line waiting for someone to photocopy what might be a stolen driver's license.

My favorite approach is hand vascular pattern biometric a technology that originated from a conventional vein pattern recognition system. Studies show that 99.98% of the world's adult population can use it. It is highly secure because there is no back door, such as a key or numeric password. Fingerprint devices suffer from usability because some users have faint fingerprints while iris and retina scan devices may not be appropriate for people with eye diseases. On the other hand, no pun intended, hand vascular patterns are unique to each of us and to each hand. The chance of someone being incorrectly recognized is 0.0001%. Not perfect but that is good enough for me. The best part is that hand vascular scanning does not require physical contact, compared to fingerprint scanners which require users to press a finger onto the scanner in order to capture the print. The idea of wiping your finger over something that millions of other people have wiped their fingers seems inconsistent with what people on cruise ships are told. One other subtly for increased security with hand scanning is that because of the sensor's capability to sense the user's temperature, there assurance that the hand is alive. Being able to establish that we are who we say we are could speed the lines at airports, hotels, sporting events, and hospitals.

Related links
bullet
Other patrickWeb stories related to authentication

Healthcare, Internet Technology, PKI, Travels July 30, 2007 09:41 AM

 

daily  Wednesday, June 13, 2007

Stem Viruses


VirusOne of the scary things out there is the potential spread of infectious diseases such as avian influenza (bird flu), dengue fever, and other dangerous viruses. The challenge has always been to try to gain an understanding of how they spread -- what they will do next. Will the virus mutate? Will it jump across continents? Where are the greatest vulnerabilities? Can the path be predicted in time to get vaccine to the next area? There is now new hope to get our arms around these questions and more. IBM is donating some very sophisticated software to help scientists and public health officials build digital models of infectious diseases to help understand and plan more efficient responses to potential health crises. The software is known as Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM for short) and is one of the key technologies being used in the Global Pandemic Initiative, a collaborative effort of IBM and over twenty major worldwide public health institutions, including the Center for Disease Control and the World Health Organization to help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

The Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) tool is designed to help scientists and public health officials create and use spatial and temporal models of emerging infectious diseases. The models can not only aid in understanding diseases, but potentially even prevent them. The software, which was designed so that it will work on any type of computer, creates a graphical representation of the spread of a disease based on a variety of parameters such as population, geographic and macro-economic data, roadmaps, airport locations, travel patterns and bird migratory routes around the world. STEM also facilitates collaboration between governments, scientific researchers and other players in the public health community who can share the customized epidemiological models that STEM creates.

Policymakers responsible for creating strategies to contain diseases and prevent epidemics need an accurate understanding of disease dynamics and the likely outcomes of preventive actions. In an increasingly connected world with extremely efficient global transportation links, the patterns of infection can be quite complex. STEM allows the building of models involving multiple populations (species) and interactions between diseases. It would be speculative to say for sure but STEM is potentially a breakthrough that will large numbers of lives in the years ahead.

For any techies out there that want to download STEM, you can find it here. If you would rather just see a CNBC movie clip about it, take a look here.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb stories about healthcare

Healthcare, IBM June 13, 2007 03:00 PM

 

daily  Sunday, May 20, 2007

IBM Happenings: April 2007


IBM LogoThe month of April at IBM was filled with a slew of announcements in hardware, software, services, acquisitions, and strategic alliances. Many of the announcements are occurring in the healthcare area. I was particularly impressed hearing that the Mayo Clinic and IBM are advancing real-time medical imaging. Collaborators from Mayo Clinic and IBM have exploited parallel computer architecture and memory bandwidth to dramatically speed up the processing of 3-D medical images. Here are all the announcements made by the company during the month. The complete index of prior IBM Happenings is here.

Healthcare, IBM May 20, 2007 09:56 AM

 

daily  Thursday, November 16, 2006

The EMR


DoctorsLast week's story about healthcare got some reactions. At a high level there is both concern for privacy and on the other hand hope that paperwork, healthcare costs, and medical errors can be reduced. It is no slam-dunk for sure, especially in the short run. Most people agree that electronic medical records are a key element in the overall solution. There are many potential benefits including not having to fill out a clipboard of paperwork every time you go to a healthcare provider and not having to get repeat blood work or imaging because the doctor can't get access to the data from tests you recently had. EMR's also have the potential to increase collaboration among doctors and other providers resulting in better outcomes. Longer term, the electronic medical records can lead to "information based medicine" which has the potential to base prescriptive care on the specifics of each patient combined with a large database of what worked and did not work for people who have the same condition. Ultimately we will have medications based on a DNA analysis of the an individual patient. There is much to hope for in an electronic world.

Larry Medina in Danville, California is more than skeptical. Medina, who has spent decades working with information related technologies, is concerned about EMR implementations -- especially if managed by a large tops down government program. (See his story called Are you ready to risk YOUR LIFE on "Electronic Medical Records"?). I agree with many if not most of Larry's points. Big projects are always risk prone. Larry points out a good example of this at Kaiser Permanente (See Problems abound for Kaiser e-health records management system where an internal report details hundreds of technical issues and outages). If there is one thing I have learned over past forty years it is that the best projects are the small ones. My motto is "think big, act bold, start simple, iterate fast".

The role of government in healthcare is important -- not to implement big ideas but rather to foster the creation of standards among IT companies, healthcare providers, and the payers (insurance companies). It is really critical to our health that all the "players" can interchange data. Larry has expressed valid concerns about security, privacy, systems reliability, and project management. The question becomes what to do. Some would say don't do anything until you can be sure you can do everything and do it right. To me that means we never get to the starting line let along the goal line. A better approach is to start simple, build pilots, try something with a small number of patients in one department, extend it to a second department, connect with the payers, add some more patients, and another clinical area, etc.

The best proof point of start simple, iterate fast is the Internet itself. The Net is a global network operating in nearly every country on Earth and connecting millions of computers and a billion people. It did not start that way. I can remember when email was about all you could do and only between a handful of universities and government labs. The Net did not get to what it is in big steps. It was continuous evolution through a huge number of baby steps. In my opinion, the same approach needs to be taken in healthcare. I agree with Larry. We don't need big steps. We need a lot of little steps and we need them urgently.

Healthcare November 16, 2006 04:32 PM

 

daily  Monday, October 30, 2006

Personal Healthcare Data


Hospital Emergency RoomSeems like healthcare issues are being discussed in the media everyday. The bad news is that there are medical errors and runaway costs that are becoming painfully more obvious. The good news is that hospital management is working very hard to improve their systems, community doctors are beginning to invest in more automated systems, and the governments of the world are very focused on standards for healthcare information. It is a long process but it is happening. IT vendors are very focused also. In the U.S., healthcare expenditures are nearly $2 trillion. It is estimated that 20% of that is for duplicate procedures. A good chunk of the $400B in duplication can be saved through improved IT systems.

IBM has been making a large investment in healthcare solutions that use it's software, systems, and technology. More importantly the company acquired Healthlink, along with 600 of the top healthcare thought leaders in America. IBM has just released a new seventy-two page report called Healthcare 2015: Win-win or lose-lose? (Please note that the pdf file is 3 megabytes in size). The report describes a "portrait and a path to successful transformation" that will become a "how to" book for many healthcare leaders around the world. Some of the background and statistics cited will really get your attention -- like the World Health Organization rating the United States #37 in the world on overall health system performance.

Most of us have experienced the duplicate data problem. A doctor finds it easier to order a new blood test than to get the data from a blood test you had a few days before. As consumers we are finding the data to be out of our reach. Blood tests start with blood which then goes into analytical equipment which creates digital information about the blood. The best "data" you can hope for is to get a faxed copy of the results. Contrast this with the financial part of our lives where millions of people use various software to download, record, store, analyze, and review every detail of their financial life. When it comes to data about our health we are mostly isolated -- even though it is our data. This is going to change dramatically as standards and online systems emerge for EMR's (electronic medical records). EMR's will enable us to get control over our health data and also allow healthcare providers to have access to it -- authorized by us as we see fit. There are many resources available about EMR's if you want to learn more. In fact, you can securely store and manage your personal health records for free at myNDMA. The site allows you to access your medical images -- for example, mammograms and other x-rays -- and electronic health records whenever you need them. You can also document your personal and family medical history and have your records available to you on-demand to give to a new doctor or to get a second opinion. One step closer to getting control of our health data.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb stories about healthcare

bullet IBM Healthcare and Life Sciences solutions

Healthcare, IBM October 30, 2006 11:22 AM

 

daily  Tuesday, October 24, 2006

Blue Brain


BrainThe human brain is one of the many marvelous parts of humans. It has been quite interesting over the last few years to read books and hear lectures on the subject. (See references in patrickWeb). The complexity of the brain can appear overwhelming but Big Blue is trying to make it understandable by working with a team of computational neuroscientists in Switzerland on a project called The Blue Brain. The goal of the project -- being developed at the Brain Mind Institute at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne-- is to create a digital 3D model of the brain.

IBM’s Blue Gene supercomputer is helping to advance our understanding of important biological processes such as protein folding and a growing list of applications including hydrodynamics, quantum chemistry, molecular dynamics, climate modeling and financial modeling. The topics have vocabularies of many-syllable words but they are changing the world for the better. The Blue Gene supercomputer has a peak speed of 360 Teraflops. In layman terms that means that the machine can perform 360,000,000,000,000 (trillion) calculations every second. That kind of horsepower doesn't match the human brain but it is getting closer. I have seen a Blue Gene in operation at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. It is a sight to behold.

Back to brains. The idea is to create a detailed model of the circuitry in the neocortex – the largest and most complex part of the human brain. Over time, the project hopes to model other areas of the brain and eventually build an accurate, computer-based model of the entire brain. The process starts with "wet" chemistry. A dye is injected into each neuron of the brain to reveal a kind of map called a morphology. After gaining a view of the neurons, it sets the groundwork to build a digital model in the Blue Gene that emulates the real thing. The neocortex is organized into thousands of columns of neurons. Each column has a diameter of less than two one-hundredths of an inch and contains 10,000 neurons. Each neuron stands a little more than 1/16 inches high and receives over 10,000 inputs from other neurons. Suffice it to say that the brain is a very complex thing. In the case of Blue Brain, the end result will be a greatly enhanced understanding of how the human brain works which will lead to curing the things that can go wrong with it. A better understanding of the brain -- the supercomputer of all supercomputers -- will also help develop even better supercomputers.

Healthcare, IBM October 24, 2006 10:17 AM

 

daily  Sunday, September 24, 2006

Conference Time


CactusThursday was Venture Capital day at IBM's T. J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. Monday will be the tenth anniversary celebration of IBM's alphaWorks program in San Francisco, and Tuesday will be the DEMO Conference in San Diego.

The IBM Venture Capital Group facilitates relationships between the company's vast research and development, product, and marketing resources venture capital firms and their portfolio companies. Many are recent start-up companies that build their business and technology solutions on IBM's industry solutions platform and then use the IBM marketing resources to get the word out and to act as a distribution channel. It is a symbiotic relationship that works well for all parties. Yesterday's conference was attended by dozens of "VC" firms, more than fifty of their portfolio companies, and a dozen or so industry thought leaders. It was a very positive day of interaction with numerous IBM executives focused on vertical industry segments including banking, retail, media & entertainment, telecommunications, government, and healthcare. I attended three of the sessions but the most interesting was healthcare.

The biggest trend that the IBM healthcare experts talked about is an understanding of disease at the molecular level and development of targeted drugs based on genomic insight. This will lead to individual diagnosis and treatment based upon medical history and genetic predispositions, as opposed the anecdotal approach used today. This new level of understanding will also enable "pre-emptive medicine" -- don't wait until you get sick to seek treatment. Genetically we are all 99% the same but the small differences are what cause health problems. The innovation in patient-centric healthcare is going to happen much more quickly than people think. Why?

There is a convergence of four disruptive changes underway...

1. Rapid evolution in technology. Computers keep getting smaller and faster. Nanotechnology is emerging rapidly.

2. Pressure on existing business models. Many hospitals are losing money, insurers are trying to put on the brakes, consumers are not happy with the services they get, waste and duplication are rampant, and medical errors are causing deaths.

3. Social pressures. People are beginning to realize that medical data about them is their data, not the doctor's or hospital's. Hundreds of millions of people more than sixty years old have high expectations for their health and are demanding treatment for things that once would be considered incurable.

4. Political pressures. Politicians are feeling the heat and want to see progress. They want more people to get affordable or subsidized care and they want to protect privacy.

Any one of these four factors would be interesting and create pressure for change. The convergence of all four are creating a firestorm of activity. Stay tuned. (See other patrickWeb healthcare stories).

Conferences, Healthcare September 24, 2006 03:03 PM

 

daily  Friday, September 15, 2006

Paper Paper Everywhere


Microscope Somehow I managed to pull a muscle in my leg. Most likely it was launching back into an aggressive set of exercises after having been away on a trip in Eastern Europe. The doctor thought it would be prudent to get an x-ray of my hip and so there I stood at the window at the radiology lab being asked to fill out a form with a lot of information they already had. I knew better but could not resist asking why it was necessary. "We need the information". I said they already had it. The receptionist said they could look it up but only if I had been there in the last thirty days. I resisted the temptation to explain that the cost of storage had plummeted in the last decade and was close to zero for the data I would be putting on paper for the hundredth time. It certainly isn't the fault of the receptionist or the x-ray technician or even the radiologist who later read the results. The problem is the "system" and the system is owned by the management of the healthcare providers and the insurers. The hundreds of billions of dollars being spent could be reduced substantially if the management could move faster to implement basic information technology such as is used in retail, manufacturing, and by various arms of government (like e-file at the IRS). All of us should be pushing for this. The result will be lower costs, higher quality of care, and fewer medical errors.

On a more positive note, great progress is being made in the use of information technology in the clinical area. One of the important approaches to understand the underlying mechanisms of cancer has been to analyze cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs). The analysis can result in improved treatment and therapy planning for cancer patients. The problem is that it takes a lot of computer power to do the analysis. The World Community Grid is now changing the amount of computing power available.

Our laptops and desktops are idle most of the time. Even when we are "using" them, the percentage of their horsepower actually being used is small. That is the simple concept behind the World Community Grid. More than 200,000 people have "donated" 400,000 PC's to the grid. When any of the PC's are not busy, a software "agent" kicks in and delivers the unused capacity to the grid. The combined computing power of the PC's in the grid can do as much TMA analysis as a traditional computer would do in 130 years!

"Help Defeat Cancer" is one of three projects using the World Community Grid. The Human Proteome Folding project is analyzing the structures of human proteins and pathogen proteins. FightAIDS@Home is a project focused on using computation methods to identify candidate drugs that have the right shape and chemical characteristics to block HIV protease.

Anyone can donate idle and unused time from their personal computers by downloading World Community Grid’s free software and registering at the WCG website. No forms required. I have been participating in the grid since November 2004 with several of my PC's and have found it to be easy, safe and secure. It is also a good feeling to know that your spare cycles are going toward something that can improve humankind.

Healthcare September 15, 2006 02:26 PM

 

daily  Thursday, August 3, 2006

doctors@email.not


Doctor officeToday I received two letters in the mail from medical practices in Connecticut. They were both routine, practice announcements about physician changes. What jumped out at me from both letters was that neither had an email address or a web site url. Here we are in the second half of the first decade of the twenty-first century and nobody at these multi-physician healthcare practices thought that it was important to offer the communications channel that a billion people around the world have adopted.

It is understandable that physicians do not want to spend their time slogging their way through an email inbox, sorting out spam, reading life histories of patients, requests for second opinions of " medical" opinions of friends and family, etc. Then there is the legal side. Attorneys advise against giving online advice, warn about authentication of emails, express caution about liability when giving advice without actually seeing the doctor, etc. Just to round out the downside, I have no doubt that most doctors believe it is a choice -- spend time with patients or spend time with email.

On the other hand, the glass could be half full instead of half empty. There are numerous software packages and Internet services which offer encrypted, authenticated, secure, tamper-proof email capabilities. There are various challenge/response systems, such as spamarrest (which I use), that can ensure zero spam in the doctor's inbox. The issue is not technical -- the technology is available to be as safe and secure as wanted or needed.

The issue is attitudinal and cultural in nature. Someone has probably done the study, but I believe that looking at the entire time spent and the entire experience for both physician and patient, that healthcare would be better with greater use of email. Physicians do not have time to shoot the breeze on the phone with patients for sure, but they do get phone calls and make phone calls, they do get interrupted by their assistants, patients do call back, and some get dissatisfied with a curt call-back at an inopportune time. Email is certainly not a substitute for "hands on" medicine but there are many cases when the hands are not needed. Doctors have incredible memories and know a lot about their many patients. Simple questions could be answered with simple answers. How many calls does the doctor get like "Is it ok to take two Tylenols for....". If you get through the switchboard and call center menus, good chance the receptionist may ask a nurse who may then ask the doctor and then tell the receptionist "Ok to take an extra Tylenol. If you don't feel better in the morning call for an appointment to come see me".

More sophisticated approaches will evolve as docs get into the swing of things with email and the web. Artificial intelligence will enable a patient to send an email and have it be automatically analyzed for keywords and then be presented to the doctor along with a set of possible responses which he or she can then customize easily and quickly. Appropriate reference material could be automatically appended. The web has empowered all of us to gain information and somewhat take control of our health, but an electronic connection -- in addition to, not instead of -- the hands on approach of seeing our doctors would be a big plus for healthcare.

The other big change is the personal electronic health record. We can download our financial transactions every day into Quicken and be on top of our financial health. Get a blood test, however, and the data goes from our arm to a computer to a digital analysis and back to a faxed piece of paper. When we have that information in our PC, and this is happening for millions of people, we will know more about our chemistry than doctors do today. It may make some of our emails harder to respond to but ultimately will make us healthier. The patient centric world is coming, and quickly.

Beyond that is the world of genomics. The breakthroughs in the next ten years will exceed the progress of the last one hundred years. There are other stories about healthcare here on patrickWeb in the healthcare section.

Healthcare August 3, 2006 09:54 PM

 

daily  Wednesday, May 17, 2006

Healthcare and IBM


HealthcareThe Intellectual Property briefing by IBM on May 2 in Greenwich was extremely interesting and I hated to leave a bit early but there was an overlap with another briefing down the road in Stamford, Connecticut -- this one about healthcare. IBM's healthcare and life sciences business is huge with 4,000 employees and revenues in the U.S. alone that would put it well into the Fortune 500. The company counts as customers 8 of the top 12 hospitals and all of the top 30 pharmaceutical companies. What has really put IBM on the healthcare map is last year's acquisition of Healthlink, which brought with it 400 top healthcare consultants. The insight of the consultants plus the smorgasbord of IBM technology has put the company on a mission -- to be a major factor in creating "Transformed Healthcare".

IBM's vision is significant -- to build patient-centric information systems, shared health and wellness management systems, and integrated networks to pull it all together among the payers, the providers, and the patients. Many of the benefits are obvious but some are more subtle. Payer insurance companies may be transformed from claims processors to wellness concierges. Smoother workflow and process optimization due to better integration and access to information can lead to improved quality, fewer errors and lower healthcare costs.

IBM has a vested interest in becoming the leader at these things because it has a half-million employees and retirees. Their Global Health and Wellness program is a partner in developing solutions for clients and may itself become a model. The company not only has a wealth of information at the intranet web portal but also enables an electronic health record into which employees enter their personal information which is then supplemented by automatic updating from claim and pharmacy data. The company also provides incentives to exercise and stay healthy. As a result, IBM's labor cost is significantly lower than industry averages.

The conference was attended by several dozen healthcare software vendors and various industry experts, including more than a half-dozen physicians. Most of the discussions revolved around the notion of "Patient centric" -- connecting healthcare information about patients with insurers and healthcare providers for the benefit of the patient. The key to make all this work is standards and they will evolve through Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIO) and a National Health Information Network (NHIN). The RHIO includes consumers, hospitals, labs, pharmacies, payers, public health offices, and physicians. Progress is being made. A presentation was made by John Blair, MD, who is CEO of Taconic Healthcare Information Network, a RHIO just west of the Hudson River. They have connected practices, hospitals, labs and payers and have developed standardized electronic health records, e-mail access to physicians, and e-prescriptions. The NHIN has asked four IT companies to work on interconnection of the RHIO's. Part of IBM's NHIN architecture will be based on royalty-free health care information systems patents (discussed in the IP meeting earlier that day) which give priority access to requests for patient information coming from emergency rooms vs. routine office requests.

From a purely heath point of view, the biggest transformation will come from information based medicine that bridges healthcare and life sciences. Molecular level understanding of disease is being made possible, in part by supercomputers such as BlueGene, and the result will be the development of targeted drugs. In other words, based on a DNA sample and genomic analysis, a diagnosis and treatment can be based on our individual medical history and genetic predispositions. Whole new fields are opening up including pre-emptive medicine, pharmacogenomics and clinical decision intelligence. A small device the size of a cell phone can take a sample of your  blood and determine your rate of metabolism which in turn affects how much of a drug you need to provide optimal results. It will soon be possible to predict the likelihood of a person getting something deadly but yet preventable.

Advanced analytics are beginning to provide the ability to run complex algorithms to answer complex questions. For example, there is a 100 page document that provides guidelines on how to perform a particular surgical procedure. It is based on the "average" person. Nobody is average so would it be nice to be able to have a system which can provide specific recommendations based on many variables that are particular to an individual -- providing the surgeon with a "how to" guide unique to each patient.

Molecular Profiling Institute is creating tools for genomic and proteomic profiling and treatment of cancers. Seventy of our 40,000 genes can predict breast cancer accurately. Dr. Robert Penny showed incredible examples. A particular gene that is missing or not working can tell the cause of a particular disease and a drug that can attack that specific gene can fix it and the patient can be cured. This is called "jumping diseases" -- using a cure for disease xyz to treat disease abc. Dr. Penny showed before and after images of a dying cancer patient. After the application of a drug that attacked the targeted gene, the cancer disappeared. It gave the audience a lump in their throats.

There are many new issues arising along with the breakthroughs. For example, being able to know you have high odds of getting xyz disease for which there is no prevention and no cure after getting it, is questionable. The trend from physician centric to payer centric to patient centric is accelerating. It is likely that what will be accomplished in the next ten years will be vastly more than what has been accomplished in the last one hundred.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb healthcare related stories

Healthcare May 17, 2006 09:15 AM

 

daily  Tuesday, April 25, 2006

Demos and Podcast From Rome


April 8, 2006

RomeIBM had some demonstrations set up in the breakout areas at the Auditorium Parco della staffed by researchers and experts in various areas. There was a lot of interest during coffee breaks. After lunch before the final session of the forum got started I had interview with Chris Barger from IBM to talk about the demonstrations and also a few thoughts on the future of healthcare and the Internet. Here is the transcript and here is the podcast.


Related links
bullet Intro to Roman Rendezvous Stories
bullet Index to Roman Rendezvous stories

bullet Podcast
bullet Transcript of podcast

Conferences, Healthcare, IBM, Internet Technology, Travels April 25, 2006 12:49 PM

 

daily  Saturday, March 18, 2006

RHIO's Are Coming


HeartOne of the focus areas of PC Forum was healthcare. Scott Cook, Co-founder of Intuit, which makes Quicken, talked about the importance of quality control in hospitals in order to reduce medical errors which lead to unnecessary deaths. He also talked about Intuit's hope for Quicken Medical Expense Manager, a new tool to allow individuals to track and manage their healthcare expenses. J.D. Kleinke, Vice Chairman at HealthGrades talked about they are shifting emphasis to consumers and providing them with comparative information about doctors and hospitals. You can visit Healthgrades and see how your local hospital stacks up. J.D. is also Executive Director of Omnimedix Institute where they are hoping to create a non-profit organization where you can get your healthcare data. The concept is that laboratories, pharmacies and healthcare providers would upload (with your permission) all the data relevant to you. You and other healthcare providers (with your permission) would have access to the information. This is a really good idea but there are many obstacles to making it happen. Ironically, even though the benefits to consumers would be huge, there is little apparent demand.

A woman in the audience made an emotional plea to one of the panels to make software available to consumers that want to track their healthcare issues. There are actually are a number of such programs already available. I use Healthfile and I think of it as "Quicken for my body". It allows you to enter doctor visits, medications, tests, vaccinations and much more. Healthfile can run on your PC but also on a Palm or Pocket PC. This makes it easy to enter information while you are in a waiting room and then synchronize it with your desktop when you get home. Even better will be the day when you don't have to enter any data other than how you feel today. The rest will be tied together through Omnimedix or your local RHIO. There are already one hundred Regional Health Information Organizations in operation. Soon they will be exchanging data within and between other RHIOs so that when someone moves or has a medical emergency, providers will have access to data that can save their life. Much more to come on this subject.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb healthcare related stories

Healthcare March 18, 2006 06:06 PM

 

daily  Friday, March 3, 2006

Open and Closed


Open signThe central theme at the IBM Open Source IT Analyst Conference in Stamford, Connecticut this week revolved around the word "open". The term is used with "open source" and also with "open standards" and there is often confusion about the meaning of the two terms. A standard is like a blueprint. An open standard is one that is freely available. Open source is software that is freely available and which may implement open standards. The two terms are independent.

At one extreme, open means you can take my idea and do whatever you want with it and you don't even have to tell me you did so. At the other extreme, closed means my idea is mine and you can not use it or even see it. In a practical sense there is a wide spectrum in between open and closed. There are many factors in the debate but long term it is breakaway innovation among communities of developers and inventors that share a common vision that is the most important argument in favor of the expansion of open source software. The downside for entrenched monopolies or those resistant to change is that open source can cause disruption and a ton of incremental competition in markets. IBM's Dr. Bob Sutor, vp for standards and open source, says "tough". Only the greatest sinners of the past can truly repent.

The most visible example of the open standards debate is what is going on in Massachusetts. (see prior story). Some people are calling the state's decision to separate data formats from applications a "Bill of Rights" around information. A gentleman from Boston University told me he not only is confident the decision will stick but that it will be a model for the free world. A Norwegian official said that proprietary data will no longer be acceptable. It is a struggle against existing ways of doing things but long term there are huge benefits for all of us if open document forms proliferate resulting in consistent, error-free, structured ways of doing things. Electronic physician notes about our healthcare would be a good example. IBM has targeted healthcare and education as two industries that can benefit from open documents and the company is opening up it's intellectual property treasure trove to help enable these two industries to make a quantum leap.

What about patents? Similar to open vs. closed, patents are not all good or all bad. It is quite impressive to see how IBM has been able to balance it's proprietary products and it's open source solutions. They are building proprietary code and innovation on top of the open source base. At the same time they are giving patents away that have the potential to accelerate the quality of healthcare and education. In parallel they are leading an effort to improve the quality and integrity of the patent process that all companies use. The patent process has been like the jury system -- not perfect but nobody has come up with a better way. In the case of the patent system, while many companies complain about the system, IBM is taking the lead to do something about it.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb stories about open standards

bullet Bob Sutor's blog

Conferences, Healthcare, IBM, Internet Technology, Public Policy March 3, 2006 10:40 AM

 

daily  Monday, February 20, 2006

Check-mate


ToolboxPandemic viruses are one of the most threatening things that most of us can contemplate. Fortunately, some big guns are aimed at the potential problem. The Scripps Research Institute and IBM have announced a new collaboration called "Check-mate" which will capitalize on Scripps Research's world class research in biochemical modeling and drug discovery and IBM's expertise in computational biology and supercomputing. The joint research team will use IBM's Blue Gene supercomputer, the world's fastest supercomputer to simulate how the potential pandemic virus ticks and devise models of containment.

The joint team will leverage their expertise in bioinformatics, structural biology, life sciences, functional genomics, systems biology, and medical informatics to accelerate an understanding of infectious diseases such as Avian Influenza. Rather than wait for a crisis and then try to figure out what happened, the team will build digital representations of these complex viruses pro-actively. The initial efforts will focus on the genetic variations of the viruses and potential methodologies to anticipate and contain the disease. Hopefully, the result will be an improved way to fight pandemic viruses before they become a plague -- "Checkmate".

Related links
bullet patrickWeb stories about computational biology

Healthcare, IBM February 20, 2006 11:31 PM

 

daily  Sunday, February 12, 2006

The MooBella Demo


People at a conferenceIt was such an exciting week at Demo that it is hard to summarize. There are many reviews of the conference on the web and you can find some of them at Kaboodle (one of the companies that debuted at Demo). There were sixty-eight companies showing off their latest and greatest -- the Demo site has the full list with links to the companies, so if you want to know what is hot take a look here and click the + sign next to Demo 2006 at the top right of the page.

The product least expected but perhaps most enjoyed by the 700+ attendees was the MooBella virtual ice cream vending machine. After attendees made touch-panel choices from up to 96 combinations of flavors and mix-ins, the machine mixed and instantly froze fresh ingredients to produce a delicious scoop of ice cream within 45 seconds. The only drawback I could see was that there was no chocolate. Apparently, that flavor (favorite of 20% of the market) poses special challenges due to the viscosity of cocoa powder.

There were a number of themes that emerged at DEMO. Collaboration was one. Chris Shipley said that 2006 will be the year of collaboration. Demos included virtual meeting platforms, tools that in effect allow people to act as librarians and share their findings with others, and tools for collaborative software development. Another theme was vertical search. Google and Yahoo! are great but highly specialized searches offer much better results. Examples shown included shopping, entertainment, software code, healthcare, and politics.

Mobile applications are still somewhat limited by tiny screens but innovative new ideas were shown that make cell phones more useful than ever. One company showed a phone being used as a personal trainer during exercise. It kept track of your pace and location and plotted results on the screen. Another small device was shown that allows complete control over the phone, music, and every aspect of things going on in the house.

Security solutions were shown to protect our identity, protect our networks, stop spam and viruses at the door, and diagnose Internet traffic and catch malware before it gets to our systems. Biometric technologies were shown to allow secure payment and authentication. I look forward to some of these technologies being used in healthcare.

Through two FutureScan panels I attempted to help the audience see the future of security and computational biology. On the security panel we discussed the general state of Internet security (not healthy) but more importantly some of the research that may lead to a healthier net. To me the most promising thing is PKI. I have written much about this here. The computational biology panel was mind-blowing for most of us. Systems biology models, redesigning proteins, and learning about our genetic history will affect all of our lives. There was a great deal of interest in The Genographic Project. (A dozen DNA kits were given to the audience -- you can get your own here). If you are interested in learning more about the human genome, the panelists recommended Genome by Matt Ridley. I am reading it now. We were all extremely fortunate to have had some of the world's leading experts share their thoughts on the panels. You can find links to all the panelists here.

The most asked question between Demo attendees at breaks and meals is "See anything interesting?". Chris Shipley, Executive Producer of the DEMO Conferences, introduced sixty-eight companies -- there was definitely something for everybody. I was not able to visit all the companies or hear all of their pitches, but at the end of this story I will mention eleven companies that I found most interesting -- "My Top Ten Picks"

Conferences, Healthcare, Internet Technology, Media, Mobile, Music, People, Personal Computing, Public Policy February 12, 2006 01:38 PM

 

daily  Monday, February 6, 2006

Geocaching at Demo 2006


HikerThe weather in Phoenix is beautiful. Both before and after the First Round Capital investor luncheon, I was able to head up on the trails near the hotel and find a couple of geocaches. If you have time I would recommend finding In The Rough and Camelback Mountain View Cache. Some of the others close by are very difficult to find. If you are not yet into the sport of geocaching, you may want to visit geocaching.com. There are some pictures of the day in flickr.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb hiking-related stories

Conferences, Healthcare, Hiking, People, Public Policy February 6, 2006 05:23 PM

 

daily  Sunday, February 5, 2006

The Singularity


GeneticsI did it. I read The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology by Ray Kurzweil cover to cover. I have to admit that this was the most difficult book I have ever read. It is a bit hard to summarize but basically the singularity is how Ray describes the merger of biological humans and machines. He makes a strong set of arguments, based on empirical and historical data, that computers will have more storage and vastly more computing capability than humans within 20-30 years or less. The implications are profound and will be troubling to many people. I suspect that if someone had described the world wide web to us thirty years ago that many people would have said no thanks. If you have grandchildren, as I do, this book makes you think what things will like for them when they by the time they become parents. At some point I may write more about the sigularity but for now I'll share awareness of the book. If you like to be challenged and learn about provocative things, you will find Ray's 500 pages (plus 150+ for notes and index) to be a winner.

Healthcare, People, Public Policy February 5, 2006 01:04 PM

 

daily  Sunday, January 29, 2006

Fraud Reduction Could Fund A Chunk Of Healthcare


DoctorsOn February7 we will be discussing Computational Biology at Demo. No doubt we will hear about some potential breakthroughs in healthcare. One thing we know for sure is that new healthcare solutions are costly. How will people afford them? There are many issues associated with this and one of them is the fraud that occurs in today's system. IBM has been working on this area for years and recently introduced their solution in Rockland County, New York. The IBM Verify New York Medicaid claims management program has identified $13M in potentially improper Medicaid billing in just 10% of the cases in just one county in just one state.

For a modest software and consulting fee, IBM used it's powerful supercomputers to do a sophisticated statistical analysis of the billing from the top 10% of Medicaid reimbursed pharmacies and general practice doctors in the county during a 21-month period. Seems like a good target since New York's Medicaid program is the largest in the US, with an annual cost of $44.5 billion -- and rising fast.  Rockland County has more than 41,000 residents who use Medicaid and the county spends about $384 million a year on their care. Initial estimates are that as much as $13 million of the billing may be improper. If this turns out to be the case, the nationwide numbers are in the $billions for sure. The IBM system uses thousands of queries to look for anomalies such as suspiciously large numbers of bills for services on a single day, repetitive or duplicate billing or unusually expensive services. Forty-two percent of the ten percent in Rockland County appeared to have discrepancies.

The project doesn't mean that providers are automatically guilty nor that the money can be quickly recovered but at least it shows the investigators where to look. They have always had the data but with help from IBM they now have the tools. There are obstacles. In New York, the counties are responsible for Medicare but they are not allowed to take action against fraud. Only the state can do that -- but they haven't. The IBM program enables the counties to provide very specific information to the state and press for action to reduce fraud.

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb healthcare related stories



Healthcare, IBM January 29, 2006 04:08 PM

 

daily  Thursday, October 27, 2005

Blogs and Bots


Hospital surgeryThe story about some possible future roles for blogging brought a number of comments from readers. Pito Salas at BlogBridge liked the hospital application I described and took it to the next level. He feels that aggregators (blog readers) do not have to be limited to displaying their results as a time-ordered series of posts. For example, BlogBridge recently introduced "Photo Feeds", where they display the results of a blog feed full of pictures not as posts but as a photo album. Taking this concept into the healthcare arena, Pito envisions the vital signs of a patient being taken every 15 minutes and placed into a blog feed. The aggregator would then display the information as a graph or chart. Seems to me this would have a lot of potential in the area of home healthcare such as the remote monitoring report I wrote about a year ago. Even beyond that, medications could be administered on an automated basis in response to an incoming feed of data from the hospital laboratory which in turn is receiving that data from automated samples taken at bedside.

Earlier this week, I got some hands-on experience with another healthcare solution which points to the future. Intuitive Surgical demonstrated their da Vinci® Surgical System in the Danbury Hospital auditorium. The emerging field of robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery has great potential to enable surgeons and hospitals to improve clinical outcomes and help patients return to active and productive lives more quickly after surgery. The da Vinci® robot has 10X 3-D vision and four mechanical arms. Those of us in attendance got to spend a few minutes at the console. It was quite an experience to operate the arms and pick up tiny pieces of rubber and move them around. Rather than traditional open surgery, the robot enables the surgeon to operate through four tiny incisions. It doesn't replace the surgeon -- it augments the surgeon's ability. There is more precision and more flexibility. For the patient there is less bleeding and faster recovery. The surgeon would normally be seated at the console "operating" by manipulating the robot's arms while looking through binocular-like lenses. Even the shaky hand of a coffee-drinking surgeon can be made steady as a rock. The surgeon could even collaborate with another surgeon who may be thousands of miles away!

Related links
bullet Other patrickWeb healthcare related stories

Blogging, Healthcare October 27, 2005 04:23 PM

 

daily  Monday, May 16, 2005

Wow!


VanA search at Google for "Wow" yields more than 20 million matches. A visit to the Wiktionary finds that "wow" means "an indication of excitement or surprise. A typical expression, according to the Wiktionary is "Wow! How do they do that?".

If you visit the Danbury Hospital Wellness on Wheels van, I guarantee that you will say "Wow!". I had the privilege to stop by and visit the van late last week. It was quite a sight to behold. Moms and dads and kids lined up for well-child visits, sick visits, physicals for school, sports, or camp, work physicals, TB or lead testing, immunizations, screenings, blood pressure checks, health education, or travel vaccines. WOW is part of the hospital's Partners in Health program.

The WOW van offers primary care services at no charge, although there may be a fee for some adult immunizations. The minor income and modest budget understate the long term economic and public health benefits. By providing a safety net for some who may not seek care at a doctor's office or at the hospital, much more costly emergency care may be avoided. Also, by encouraging and providing immunizations, some significant diseases can be avoided. By offering school and camp physicals to many who could not otherwise afford to have them, a broader segment of the local population can participate in activities which help them to be more involved in the community.

The most impressive part of the WOW van is the people who work there. Headed by Dr. Jack Fong, chairman of the hospital's pediatrics department, the staff includes a physician, nurse, immunization outreach worker, medical case manager, and a driver. The entire team is compassionate toward their patients while dedicated and enthusiastic about their work. As I left from the visit, there was only word I could think of. Wow! We are so fortunate to have this resource at work in the community.

Healthcare, People May 16, 2005 09:52 AM

 

daily  Wednesday, June 23, 2004

Do We Really Need All The Paper?


Doctor performing physical examToday was the day for the annual physical examination. There are certain aspects of the "physical" that are not pleasant for anyone, but the thing I enjoy the least is filling out the paperwork. Step one at the doctor's office is to be presented with a clipboard and forms with fields that are too small and questions that I don't know the answer to -- like the address of my healthcare provider. I said that I had been a patient of the doctor for years and nothing had changed since the last time I filled out the paperwork. "Yes, but we have a new billing service and they require that all patients fill out the paperwork again". It seems like at every visit there is some reason that I have to write down my name, address, phone number, date of birth, etc. After I wrote down the health insurance information from my insurance card, the office assistant asked for my insurance card and then made a photocopy of the front and back of it to put in the manila folder. This is the 21st century?

Before I continue this story I should say that I feel extremely fortunate to have healthcare coverage. It is very unfortunate that many millions of people have no coverage at all. There are multiple reasons for this, but the biggest is the cost. Healthcare costs are spiraling out of control. One of the reasons for that is the paperwork. Not just the forms at the doctor's office but also prescriptions that the pharmacy can't read. Another big cost factor is human error. In part because the various processes and sources of data are on paper and are not integrated, there is an increased administrative cost. When medical errors occur, patients (mainly their attorneys) decide to take legal action. This adds tremendously to the cost of healthcare. It is not uncommon for some doctors to incur a cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars per year for malpractice insurance. I believe the glass is half full, not half empty. (read more)

Healthcare June 23, 2004 07:10 PM

 

daily  Friday, June 4, 2004

Time or Distance -- It Makes A Difference


HeartToday was the final planning meeting for the first annual golf outing of the Housatonic Habitat for Humanity. The meeting finished at 1 p.m. and there were two choices: head back home and work on some board meeting preparations and committed writing projects or take the long way home on the Fatboy. The blue sky and 75 degree temperature made this an easy choice. The meeting was in Stony Hill, Connecticut on Route 6, just off of Interstate 84. I headed east on Route 6 and merged onto route 25 and then headed south to Bridgeport. According to Microsoft MapPoint, the 24 mile trip should take thirty-five minutes. That would be true if there were no trucks, traffic lights, construction, nor congestion. On a Friday afternoon or in bad weather, the trip can easily take double what the mapping programs suggest.

For a Friday afternoon motorcycle ride, it really doesn't matter how long it takes, but if you happen to be in an ambulance on the way from Danbury Hospital to the hospital in Bridgeport, the travel time can be a matter of life or death. The State of Connecticut regulates which hospital is able to perform which procedures. On the surface this appears to be a very political and financial process, as opposed to a quality of care process like most people expect. If you have a heart attack in the western part of Fairfield County, an ambulance will take you to Danbury hospital. The outstanding emergency department team would apply numerous techniques to bring you back to normal. An attending cardiologist would utilize some of the latest drugs known to be effective for certain heart conditions. However, if the treatments are not adequate and it is determined that you need angioplasty, you would then be put back in an ambulance to make the trip to Bridgeport. (read more)

Healthcare June 4, 2004 09:49 PM

 

daily  Sunday, January 25, 2004

Remote Monitoring


Nurse taking temperatureIt is a privilege to be able to participate and contribute to various boards and committees. It is also a way to learn a lot, meet great people and gain new perspectives. That has certainly been the case with my involvement at Danbury Hospital. For the past year I have been participating on the policy and technology committees of the board and as of this week I have been elected to the board of Danbury Health Systems, Inc. and Danbury Hospital. At a recent meeting of the policy committee, Ann Faraguna, executive director of the Danbury Visiting Nurses Association, made a presentation about the good work they are doing and mentioned that they are using technology to remotely monitor the condition of patients in their home. This really got my attention and I could not wait to learn more. (read more)

Healthcare January 25, 2004 07:19 PM

 

daily  Thursday, January 22, 2004

Knees


Knee jointMany long term runners have developed arthritic conditions in their knee joints that eventually prevent them from running. Even with the best MRI scans available, it is often hard to get an accurate description of exactly what is going on. The result is a diagnosis of "you have a bum knee" and a prescription of "try swimming". I suspect many runners like me are frustrated with the imprecision and long for better diagnostics and cures. The Mayo Clinic has just made a large stride in this direction with new technology developed jointly with IBM. (read more)

Healthcare January 22, 2004 03:27 PM

 

daily  Tuesday, January 6, 2004

Personal Medical Technology


The Body Fat Scale has prompted as much feedback as the future of the Internet! This will be the last story about it though. Perhaps it is holiday gadget gift giving that is behind the interest or perhaps it is a desire that many people have to focus on their physical condition at the beginning of a new year. One reader reports that he has had a body fat scale for some time and found it to be "reasonably accurate, consistent, and reliable". He pointed out that the key with body fat measurements is the trend line, not the absolute number. More importantly, the reader related the measurement of body fat to the much larger issue of measuring other things about our bodies using personal medical technology. Being a member of the technology committee of a hospital board, I immediately related to his comments.  (read more)

Gadgets, Healthcare January 6, 2004 09:27 PM

 

daily  Saturday, November 29, 2003

Privacy And Trust - Part 1


There have been many emails about the PepperBall, but perhaps the most emotional feedback has been about my short stories on healthcare. The cry for more efficient, effective, and affordable healthcare is universal. One reader said, "I was happy to see your take on healthcare in your recent blog. This is a field where some good IT could solve redundancy quagmires, but one of the basic problems is privacy. I think people reject the idea of their healthcare info being in a database for fear unauthorized people would be able to get at it to find out what their 'weaknesses' are".

Of all the issues which will affect the future of the Internet, the safeguarding of our personal information when it travels on or over the Net is likely the most important because it is at the heart of Trust -- and without Trust the Net will not be able to realize its full potential. This means that information about an individual needs to be handled in a way that is consistent with the privacy and security expectations of the individual -- if not, there will be no trust. I am planning a series of stories about trust. There may be other stories along the way, but this is Part 1. (read more)

Healthcare, Public Policy November 29, 2003 11:11 AM

 

daily  Sunday, November 23, 2003

Healthcare feedback


There has been a lot of feedback about the "Accident" story. It was all of the nature of "I can top that one!". Here is what one reader had to say...

"AMEN!!! Having just had to choose a new health plan and wade through the details of co-pays and deductibles, I have come to the conclusion that our health insurance system is fatally flawed (and rigged against the patient). I would love to see a calculation of what percentage of policy holders' legitimate health costs are actually properly reimbursed. I for one only fill out the paperwork for a fraction of the expenses I should claim. And when I do, there is a 20-25% chance that they will be rejected, so that I have to call and complain, after which I get the money".

He went on to say, "The bottom line is Americans spend almost twice as much money on health care as other countries and yet people are getting fatter, more sedentary, and less and less healthy--and more and more of my friends are undergoing invasive medical procedures which turn out to have been unnecessary or, even worse, harmful".

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Healthcare November 23, 2003 10:00 PM

 

daily  Thursday, November 20, 2003

Accident


Emergency roomIn February 2003 I had an accident. I won't bore you with the details -- a freak fall that resulted in a concussion. It was quite an ordeal -- but nothing compared to the associated paperwork. After arriving at the hospital via ambulance, the first encounter with the medical system was a person approaching my bed with a ThinkPad on a cart. I I was glad to see that it was a ThinkPad but a bit surprised at the priorities. I was bleading and suffering a concusion but the most important thing was to get my vital data (insurance data, not medical data) into electronic form. You would think that this near real-time capture of data would assure speedy processing of the charges and settlement by my HMO. I spent four hours in the emergency room but after more than nine months, the financial aspects of the incident are still not settled. (read more)

Healthcare November 20, 2003 10:01 AM

 

daily  Sunday, June 15, 2003

Healthcare Paper Jungle


I received three pages of information about the procedure which the doctor ordered. The first and third (which very easily could have been one page) pages were about pre and post activities. The second page was clearly most important, at least to someone. I have reproduced it here including the exact punctuation and font styles. (read more)

Healthcare June 15, 2003 04:02 PM